#Farm simulator 19 weather indicator how to#

Ex-ante assessments are made using simulation models that compare scenarios where food systems are governed differently to projected business as usual scenarios 8. The literature on ex-ante assessment, however, is vast and growing. The literature on ex-post assessments of food security governance is too limited to provide empirically founded guidance with regard to choice of governance measures to improve food security 6, 7.

To govern effectively, we need to measure the impact of governance implementation ex post or simulate the impact of governance implementation ex ante. We need intervention in the form of governance 5: public (for example, government), private (for example, food retailers) or communal (for example, farmer cooperatives) entities that implement measures to improve food security 6. This was illustrated all too well by the world food price crises of 2007–20, which were largely a result of speculative activity in global commodity markets 3 and increasing demands for grains as feed and fuel 4. To address food security challenges, we cannot rely exclusively on market mechanisms to deliver sufficient quantities of nutritious food at affordable prices. Millions of people were pushed into immediate hunger, and in the medium to long term, existing inequalities are expected to exacerbate further 2. Recently, this decline has accelerated owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and measures taken to mitigate its impact on human health. Global food security, the access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food, has declined slowly but steadily since 2015 1.

#Farm simulator 19 weather indicator how to#

We also identified blind spots (for example, simulation of nodal measures) and proposed how to address these blind spots (for example, telecoupling) and to make food security governance simulation studies fit for meta-analyses (for example, harmonizing food security indicators for comparison). We found that studies commonly used agent-based, system dynamics, and computable general equilibrium models tended to be production, trade or consumption centric assessed the impact of a wide variety of mostly treasure- or authority-based measures and applied diverse food security indicators, mostly of access or availability. On the basis of a systematic review of 110 simulation studies published over 2000–2021, we examined how food security governance has been represented, and identified needs for future simulation model development. Simulation models can estimate the impact of such measures via scenarios with differently governed food systems. To effectively address food security, we need tools that assess governance measures (for example, strategic storage reserves, cash transfers or trade regulations) ex ante.